Gibberellin Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence.1 They are one of the longest known plant hormones. A key part of the Green Revolution during the 1960s, which saw crop yields more than double, was the development of new dwarf varieties, many of which were later …

Growth: A process in which there is a change in the form and increase in size and weight by means of cell division, cell enlargement and cell differentiation. Development: A process in which growth, differentiation of organ, maturation and senescence take place in a regular sequence in the life history …

Mycoplasma, also known as PPLO- are the simplest prokaryotic cell.    Mycoplasma is a group of small parasitic bacteria that lacks cell walls and can survive without oxygen and generally resistant to antibiotics and can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infections in animals and humans.  Few common species of mycoplasma …

Agaricales is an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). It is one of the most diverse orders of the phylum Basidiomycota. Traditionally, agarics were classified based on the presence of gills (thin sheets of spore-bearing cells, or basidia) and mushroom-shaped fruiting bodies. Some other conspicuous …

Endomycetales is an order of ascomycetous fungi having ascus (pl. asci) developing from a zygote or single cell. One of the families of Endomycetales is Saccharomycetaceae and the members of this family are commonly known as Yeasts. Systematic Position Phylum Ascomycota Class Ascomycetes Order Endomycetales Ascus (pl. asci) developing from …

The fungi comprising the phylum Basidiomycota commonly are known as basidiomycetes. It is a large phylum that includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, birds-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi. Salient features Habit and habitat Both parasite and saprophytic. Some …

  Good to know The imperfect stage of Penicillium in which it passes most part of its life cycle is sclerotium. One celled ascomycetes is Saccharomyces cerevisae. One celled lower fungi is Synchytrium endobioticum. Ascomyectes- Powdery mildew. Basidiomycetes- Usually no sexual reproduction. Deuteromycetes- Imperfect fungi. Imperfect stage- Asexual reproduction…anamorphic fungi…mitosporic …

This article is written using many tables and about hundred of pictures of plants. As, adding individual photos in this article would increase the gallery size of this website which might turn ‘Plantlet’ slow, we are uploading the MS Word file here so that you can download it and read …

Vegetative structure Lower fungi: Coenocytic Higher fungi Septate, thalloid (can be one celled e.g. Yeast) and branched. Color: Hyaline (colorless), sub-hyaline (light color), brown. Special vegetative structure Appressorium: Colletotrichum Chalmydospore: Fusarium Sclerotium: Sclerotium rolfsii Hyphopodium : Meliola Haustoria: Erysiphe sp. N.B. Facultative and Deuteromyces: i+ii+iii examples Obligate (only in living …

Lower fungi The lower fungi comprise the simplest and the primitive group of true fungi which lack septum in the hyphae and primarily reproduce by sporangiospores. The majority of these are aquatic (Saprolegnia), some are amphibious (Phytophthora) and some terrestrial (Rhizopus). The somatic phase consists of either a unicellular thallus …