In this article we will discuss the exceptions of 2nd Law. 2nd law is divided into (i) single recessive epistasis (9:3:4), (ii) Duplicate recessive epistasis (9:7), (iii) Single dominant epistasis-cumulative effect of duplicate genes (9:6:1), (iv) Duplicate gene- one incomplete dominance (12:3:1), (v) Pleiotropism.  To discuss about the topics we …

The second topic of second year Fundamental Genetics syllabus is Exceptions of Mendelism. So by the title of the article you may have understood that in this article we are going to discuss Exceptions of Mendelism. In this article we will disscuss 1st law. 1st law is divided into  Incomplete …

[Click here to read ‘Bichemical Cycle (part- 1 )’ ] Threats to the Carbon Cycle Decline in forest growth. Killing of ocean phytoplankton due to rising sea temperatures. Death of forests due to spread of disease and insects. Melting permafrost layer (In geology, permafrost or permafrost soil is soil at or …