Blue-Green Algae (BGA) The class Myxophyceae or Cyanophyceae is commonly called Blue-Green algae because of the presence of a principal bluish-green pigment (c-phycocyanin) along with green chlorophyll-a, yellowish carotenoids, and some quantity of Myxoxanthin. The combination of the abundant blue and green pigments as mentioned above give these organisms a …

Definition Self-incompatibility is the inability of a pollen to fertilize the stigma of a same flower or the other flower of the same plant. It is a general name for several genetic mechanisms in angiosperms, which prevent self-fertilization and encourage outcrossing. Koelreuter 1st reported SI (Self incompatibility) in Verbascum phoeniceum …

Male sterility The male reproductive organs are mal-developed or aborted so that no viable pollens will be formed. This condition is known as male sterility (M.S) and may be inherited due to genetic, cytoplasmic or interaction of both genetic and cytoplasmic causes.   History of Male Sterility The first documentation …

Rice, Oryza sativa is one of the main staple crops in the whole world especially in Asia. It provides carbohydrate and calories daily to about half of the world population. Besides, in some countries, this annual plant acts also as an economic crop and serves as a source of foreign …

Introduction Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) is a widely used staining agent used in laboratories to observe chitin walled organisms (e.g. Fungi). It generally gives the specimen a blue color under microscope and helps to find them easily. It is also very simple to prepare. Composition This mounting medium is composed …

What is Chromosomal Aberration? Any type of change in the structure and number of chromosomes due to certain irregularities during cell division is known as chromosomal aberration. Broadly such aberrations are divided into two major groups. Structural aberration Numerical aberration Again, structural aberrations are of 4 types. Such as: Deletion …

In the nucleosome model of chromosome, we have discussed about the fundamental organizational unit of chromosome termed as nucleosome. That article gave us a simplistic idea about how the repeated nucleosomes are arranged. The figure in the right hand side clarifies that the nucleosome model provides us with the insight …

Let’s kick off this discussion with a simple calculation about the length of DNA in a single diploid human cell. We know according to Watson and Crick model of double helix DNA, each two base pairs has a distance of 3.4 A. There are approximately 6.4 billion base pairs (bp) …

Megasporangium is the structure of a plant body that contains a female reproductive organ. It can be called an ovule.  It consists of nucellus and integument. The ovule can be formed in different sizes and shapes. Many times it changes its form during the course of its development.   Mature …

Coliform is commonly known as ” indicator organisms“, refers to a wide groups of bacteria ( about 16 species) that found throughout the environment and used to evaluate the water quality.  These organisms have a wide distribution in soil, water surface, vegetations as well as on the skin or intestinal …