As human beings are social creatures, they live in a social environment. If we look around us, we can see mainly two types of things in the environment. One is living things & another is non-living things. Living things are those which possess life. Now, what is life? It’s not …

In this article we will discuss (c) Life of Gregor Johann Mendel, his experiments and achievements; reasons of Mendels success. Gregor Johann Mendel who is the father of genetics, was born in 1822. In this article we will know him and his works elaborately. Life of Gregor Johann Mendel, His …

From the title we can easily understand that this article is about a part of genetics studies. So, what is genetics? The biological science which deals with the phenomena of heredity (i.e. transmission of traits form one generation to another) and variation and the study of the laws governing similarities …

Plant anatomy Study of gross internal structures of plant organs by the method of section cutting is called plant anatomy. Tissue Vegetative Reproductive Complex Tissue is formed by a group of cells having Same origin Same structure Same function Gross classification of tissue Permanent tissue Meristematic tissue Secretory tissue (concerned …

The complex tissue consists of more than one type of cells which work together as a unit. Complex tissues help in the transportation of organic material, water, and minerals up and down the plants. That is why it is also known as conducting and vascular tissue. Collenchyma always absent. Composed of more than one types of cells. Types …

Good to know This series of reactions are also called the TriCarboxylicAcid (TCA) cycle, for the three carboxyl groups on its first two intermediates, or the Krebs cycle, after its discoverer, Hans Krebs (1937). NADH and FADH2 are reduced electron carriers. TCA cycle The name citric acid cycle can also …

Good to know Plants respire all the time, whether it is dark or light. They photosynthesise only when they are in the light.   Conditions Photosynthesis vs respiration Overall result Dark Respiration No photosynthesis Oxygen taken in Carbon dioxide given out Dim light Photosynthesis rate equals respiration rate Neither gas …

Methods of Calculation of Quantitative Data   Quantitative data for individual species is calculated by the following methods: 1) Frequency = Number of sampling units in which the species occurred/Total number of sampling units studied Relative frequency = Frequency of a sp./Total frequency of all spp. X 100 2) Density …

Vegetation: Definition Vegetation is defined as an assemblage of plants growing together in a particular location. It is characterized either by its component species or by the combination of structure and functional characters that characterize the appearance or physiognomy of vegetation. Vegetation rapidly responds to changes in habitat. If the …

Range The range consists of a bunch of data that shows the distinction between the highest and lowest values among the data set. So as to seek out the range, it’s necessary to first order the data from lowest to highest. Then  we have to subtract the smallest value from the …