Who hasn’t seen plants with some kind of abnormalities? We all have, right? Sometimes in the form of some black spots or white powders in the leaves; or sometimes those rotten roots or stems; or maybe those holes in the fruits that are making them inedible and many more. Perhaps …

  WHAT IS EXTREME ENVIRONMENT? An extreme environment exhibits conditions which are challenging for most life forms. These may be extremely high or low ranges of temperature, radiation, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, air, water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, sulfur, petroleum and many others. An extreme environment is one place where humans …

DNA Before discussing “The Replication Of Circular DNA”, first we are going to give a short introduction to DNA. DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material present in all living organisms through which the characteristics of one generation are transmitted to the next one. It contains the genetic information …