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          When you hear the name of the word ‘plant’, first the thought will come to your mind that plants grow in the ground and can’t develop, reproduce and even survive without the existence of soil. Plants usually take their nutrients, oxygen, water, mineral salts and …

Hello Everyone, Welcome to the Second Part of “Vector Mediated Gene Transfer: Commonly Used Vectors” series. In this part we will focus on Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. Let’s start !!! Link of Part 1 is here.  Agrobacterium Mediated Genetic Transformation Of various methods used for plant transformation, transformation mediated by Agrobacterium …

If we want to know the subtle and intricate mechanism of life and how it revolves in molecular level, we must have to know about the basic fundamental concepts of molecular biology, an interdisciplinary branch of science which begins its journey with the amalgamation of some distinct disciplines such as …

Hello Everyone, hope you have gathered some knowledge from the previous part of “History of Botanical Exploration: Indian Subcontinent” series. This is the Second part of History. Here we will explore rest of the three pioneers who made magnificent contribution to foster plant taxonomy study to the next level. I …

Introduction It’s always helpful and extra-beneficial to check the background or history before learning a new subject matter. Why? Because this enrich us with some fundamental concepts behind the topic and enable us to understand how versatile ideas bloom and differentiate to shape a new body of knowledge. Isn’t that …

In a Museum when you see a glittering crystal, you would say it was a mineral  and you’d almost certainly be right. But can you say what a mineral really is? Define Minerals A mineral is an inorganic solid which is naturally occured. It has a fixed chemical composition and …

Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients because they perform many roles within the body. There is a fine line between getting enough of those nutrients (which is healthy) and getting an excessive amount of (which can find yourself harming us). Eating a healthy diet remains the best way to get …

Units of work Whenever a new quantity is introduced in physics, the standard metric units associated with that quantity are discussed. In the case of work (and also energy), the standard metric unit is the Joule (abbreviated J). One Joule is equivalent to one Newton of force causing a displacement of one meter. …

The study of the flow of warmth or the other sort of energy into or out of a system because it undergoes a physical or chemical transformation, is named Thermodynamics. In other word relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. In broad terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one place to a different and from one form to a …

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug …