This series includes the difference tables between
- Localized fungicide and Systematic fungicide
- Localized infection and Systematic infection
- Soil borne fungi and Seed borne fungi
- Eradication and Crop rotation
- Obligate parasite and Facultative parasite
- Plant quarantine and Crop rotation
- Nature culture medium and Synthetic culture medium
- Primary inoculum and Secondary inoculum
- Infection and Invasion
- Pathogenesis and Pathogenicity
- Symptom and Syndrome
Differences on diseases
- Stem rust of wheat and Leaf smut of wheat
- Wilt disease and Damping off disease
- Blight disease and Blast disease
- Penetration and Parasitism
- Powdery mildew and Rust
| Localized fungicide | Systematic fungicide |
| It is protective in nature. | It is therapeutic in nature. |
| Effective only in the plant area where it is applied. | Absorbed and systematically translocated by plants. |
| They are externally functioning. | They are internally functioning. |
| Restricted to a particular area. | Involves the whole plant. |
| It is an older type of fungicide. | It is not as old as protectants. |
| E.g. Copper fungicide and Bordeaux mixture. | E.g. Carboxin. |
| Localized infection | Systematic infection |
| Localized infection is one that affects only parts of the body such as stem, leaf, root etc. | Systematic infection is one that affects the entire body. |
| Protective in nature. | Therapeutic in nature. |
| They are externally functioning. | They are internally functioning. |
| Example: Tikka disease of ground nut. | Example: Rust, smut etc. |
| Soil borne fungi | Seed borne fungi |
| Associated with soil. | Associated with seed externally or internally. |
| Dormant structure such as thickened hyphae and sclerotia are present. | Dormant mycelium is present under seed coat or in the embryo (internal seed borne fungi). |
| Dormant spores (conidia, chlamydospore, oospore etc) are present in the soil. | Dormant spores are present on seed coat (external seed borne fungi). |
| Depending on soil pH, moisture or other microorganisms of soil. | Are not dependent on these. |
| Eradication | Crop rotation |
| Eradication is the reduction of an infectious diseases prevalence in the global host population to zero. | Crop rotation is the practise of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. |
| It works against both soil and seed borne fungi. | It works against soil borne pathogen. |
| It does not help in reducing soil erosion and also does not increase soil fertility and crop yield. | It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield. |
| It does not increase diversity. | It helps to increase diversity. |
| Successfully eradicated two diseases: Human smallpox, rinder pest. | This method is followed for many crops such as legumes , root vegetables, leafy green vegetables etc. |
| Inocula | Inoculation |
| Obligate parasite | Facultative parasite |
| They can’t complete their life cycle without the presence of host cell. | They can complete their life cycle independent of their host. |
| They do not kill host tissue. | They kill host tissue that they invade. |
| They are host specific. | They are not host specific. |
| They don’t secrete toxic substances on host cell. | They can secrete toxic substances to their host. |
| They are comparatively advanced from evolutionary point of view. | They are primitive form evolutionary point of view. |
| E.g. Puccinia graminis-tritici, Ustilago hordei, Erysiphe sp. | Example: Cercospora, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina etc. |
| Plant quarantine | Crop rotation |
| Plant quarantine includes the regulations of the movement of living plant or plant products between politically defined territories. | Crop rotation is the practise of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. |
| It is not as old as crop rotation. | It is one of the most oldest methods. |
| It is one kind of regulatory method of controlling plant diseases. | It is one kind of cultural method of controlling plant diseases. |
| It follows some strict rules and regulations. | This method have no specific rules and regulations. |
| Three important aspects of crop rotations are: 1. Inspection 2. Certificatin 3. Embargo. | Three important aspects of crop rotation are: 1. Reducing soil erosion. 2. Augmenting soil fertility. 3. Increasing soil diversity. |
| Natural culture medium | Synthetic culture medium |
| Natural media are composed of chemically undefined compounds. | Synthetic media are composed of chemically defined compounds. |
| It consists solely of a naturally occurring biological fluids. | Synthetic media are prepared by adding nutrients (both organic and inorganic). |
| The chemical composition of a natural medium is not properly known. | The chemical composition of a synthetic medium is completely known. |
| It is less expensive. | It is more expensive. |
| The reproducibility rate, in case of natural media is poor or not satisfactory. | The reproducibility rate is comparatively high. |
| It can be of three types: 1. Biological fluid containing media. 2. Tissue extracts controlling media. 3. Clot media. | It can be of four types: 1. Serum containing media. 2. Serum free media. 3. Chemically defined media. 4. Protein free media. |
| Prepared for most common routine test. | Prepared for special study. |
| Example: Vegetable extract, fluid juice. | Example: Peptone martite agar medium. |
| Primary inoculum | Secondary inoculum |
| An inoculum that survives dormant in the winter or summer and causes the original infection in the spring or autumn is called primary inoculum. | An inoculum produced from primary infection is called secondary inoculum. |
| It develops from the perenating organ or comes from the neighbouring field. | It develops after the functioning of primary inoculation. |
| Primary inoculum causes primary infection. | Secondary inoculum causes secondary infection. |
| Primary inoculum starts the diseases. | Secondary inoculum spreads the disease. |
| Example: Overwintering or oversummering pathogen or its spores that cause primary infection. In Puccinia, the urediospore is the primary inoculum. | Example: Inoculum produced by infection take place during the same growing season. In Puccinia, aeciospore is the secondary inoculum. |
| Infection | Invasion |
| Infection is the process by which pathogen establish contact with the susceptible cells and tissues of the host and procure nutrients from it. | Spreading of the pathogen into the host tissue is known as invasion. |
| Infection initiates invasion. | Invasion is the process that starts after infection. |
| Types of infection regulate invasion process. | It is a substage of infection. |
| Infection can be of two types: 1. Primary infection 2. Secondary infection | Invasion can be localized or systematic. |
| Pathogenesis | Pathogenicity |
| Symptom | Syndrome |
Differences on diseases
- Stem rust of wheat and Leaf smut of wheat
- Wilt disease and Damping off disease
- Blight disease and Blast disease
- Penetration and Parasitism
- Powdery mildew and Rust
See the characteristics of the disease and make differences accordingly.
| Stem rust of wheat | Leaf smut of wheat |
| Wilt disease | Damping off disease |
| Blight disease | Blast disease |
| Penetration | Parasitism |
| Powdery mildew | Rust |
