No plant can flourish, or even maintain its existence for long unless it is provided with arrangements that ensure that the plant body as a whole is firmly knit together and that each of its organs is possessed of the requisite degree of mechanical strength. The plants which are made …

The vascular tissue system consists of a number of vascular bundles which are found to be distributed in the stele. The stele is the central cylindrical portion of the stem and root, commonly surrounded by endodermis, and consists of vascular bundles, pericycle, pith and medullary ray. Each vascular bundle consists …

This is the second portion of the topic Photoperiodism. If you have somehow missed the first part, don’t worry! Here is the link- Photoperiodism: Flowering in plants (Part 1) The Pigment Reference: Fundamentals of Plant Physiology by Dr. V. K. Jain.

Probability means the possibility of a random phenomena.

“হাতিরঝিলে এক বেলা”   পলাশ Butea monosperma (L.)mak. শিমুল Bombax ceiba L. কাঠবাদাম Terminalia catappa L. হিজল Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaerth. রানীচূড়া Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin খেজুর Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. বাগানবিলাস Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. শ্বেতশিমুল Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. কামিনী Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack শ্বেত রক্তকাঞ্চন bauhinia variegata var. candida দেবকাঞ্চন …

Algae is an extremely diverse group of organisms that make up the lower phylogenetic echelons of the plant kingdom. A precise definition of this group is elusive and they share many obvious characteristics with higher land plants, whereas their distinguishing features from other plant groups are varied and more subtle …

Metabolites are substances that help in metabolism. Some substances help in metabolism, but when they are produced in excess amounts, they remain outside the cell. Many algae produce extracellular metabolites such as lipids, glycolates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and organic acids.    

The secondary xylem which is formed after secondary growth of woody dicotyledons is called wood. However, all secondary xylem is not wood, e.g., secondary xylem formed after secondary growth in herbaceous dicots. On the other hand, in the Conifers group of Gymnosperm, the secondary xylem developed after secondary growth is …

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