When we heard about bacteria the first thing that came to our mind is that it must be harmful for us. And it’s  very common because the word”bacteria” generally indicates some sort of disease and is likely to repulse and scare we off. Scientists estimate that only 1-10% of total …

Imagine being a very special sibling, having some unique features, acting in a good and interestingly weird way unlike others – feeling important already, right? Heterocyst is such a sibling of other algal cells which altogether make a filamentous structure of the algae. Whereas the other cells perform the function …

প্রথমেই ক্ষমা চেয়ে নিচ্ছি আমার সেই সব জুনিয়র এর কাছে যারা কিনা আমাকে প্রায়ই নক দেয় এবং অনেক সময় হয়তো আমার পক্ষে ধৈর্য রেখে সবার প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়া সম্ভব হয় না। একে আমি নিজে introvert, নতুন মানুষের সাথে অনেক ক্ষণ কথা বলা এমনিতেই একটু কষ্টকর, তার উপরে বাবা মা সবাইকে …

Algae is an extremely diverse group of organisms that make up the lower phylogenetic echelons of the plant kingdom. A precise definition of this group is elusive and they share many obvious characteristics with higher land plants, whereas their distinguishing features from other plant groups are varied and more subtle …

This part of the series named ‘Difference Between’ contains the difference between the following topics of the course ‘The Principles of Crop Improvement’. From syllabus Topic 1: Self incompatibility and cross incompatibility Protandry and Protogyny Self incompatibility (SI) and Coss incompatibility (CI) Gametophytic SI and Sporophytic SI Self incompatibility and …

The male sterility which  is governed by both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes is known as Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility or CGMS. While CMS is controlled by an extra-nuclear genome, nuclear gene may have the capability to restore fertility. When nuclear restoration of fertility genes (“Rf”) is available for a CMS …

Male sterility, as the name indicates, is the inability of a plant to produce a male reproductive organ, the viable pollen. Male sterility can occur due to extra-nuclear genetic or nuclear genetic conditions. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) refers to the inability of a plant to produce viable pollens due to …

Plants are the vital element of Environment. Like men and animals, plants are  not free from disease. As they have diverse and significant  rules in our existence in this earth, scientists are concerned about them specially at their danger. So, to keep plants free from pathogens or diseases the word …

According to Encyclopedia Britannica- Plant disease is an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. The effects of a disease that can be observed are called the symptoms. A disease can be identified depending on the symptoms as different diseases show different symptoms. …

Over-wintering and/or over-summering of pathogen Over-seasoning is an evolutionary developed technique followed by many pathogens to survive the adverse period of their life cycle. It has been developed in the pathogens so that they can complete their life cycle and can spread their infections in the next year. The pathogens …