(Evolution of Green Algae has three articles based on its three trends. All of these articles start and end with same paragraphs. If you want to avoid these intros, directly migrate to the point “Volvocine  line of evolution” which is after the second horizontal line). Evolution of Green Algae: Tetrasporine Trend …

Algae are both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems or leaves but do have chloroplast and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. The basic structure of chloroplast consists of a series of flattened membranous vesicle called thylakoids or disc and a surrounding matrix. These thylakoids can be …

Genetic male sterility (GMS) Genetic male sterility is controlled by some nuclear genes called Male Sterile genes. It has been evident that this type of sterility is usually maintained by recessive genes (barley, mustard, pigeon pea, paddy) and less frequently by dominant genes (safflower). The male sterile allele is m …