December, 2019

• 26 December

  Photosynthesis: Introduction & Requirements

  

  Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, producing sugar type food for the plant to survive. Carbon dioxide, water and light are all needed for photosynthesis to take place. It happens in the leaves of a plant and the other green portions as well. Photosynthesis is a …

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• 13 December

  How You Can Save Money and the Environment by Making Simple Changes to Your Home

  Did you know that the average American family spends almost $2,000 a year on energy bills? That’s a lot of money! In this blog post, we will discuss some simple ways that you can save money and the environment by making changes to your home. We will cover everything from …

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November, 2019

• 1 November

  Transposable Genetic Elements

  

  Transposons were first discovered in corn (maize) during the 1940s and ’50s by American scientist Barbara McClintock, whose work won her the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983. The colourful pattern on maize ears have an important scientific significance. Modern research have shown that the stripes and spots …

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October, 2019

• 16 October

  DNA Replication in Eukaryotes: Linear Replication

  

  DNA replication in eukaryotes is a complex and unique process involving many enzymes and thousands of ORI at a single time. Unlike the prokaryotic DNA, it involves a linear mode of replication. Why does linear DNA replication involve  multiple origins at a time? The large linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cell …

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• 16 October

  Replication in Circular DNA: Theta Model

  

  Following Meselson and Stahl’s work, investigators confirmed that other organisms also use semiconservative replication. There are, however, several different ways that semiconservative replication can take place, differing principally in the nature of the template DNA—whether it is linear or circular—and in the number of replication forks. Replicon and Origin of …

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• 15 October

  Translation: mRNA to Protein

  

  Translation takes place on ribosomes; indeed, ribosomes can be thought of as moving protein-synthesizing machines. A ribosome attaches near the 5′ end of an mRNA strand and moves toward the 3′ end, translating the codons as it goes. Synthesis begins at the amino end of the protein, and the protein …

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• 15 October

  Post-transcriptional Modification

  

  The process of transcription is very similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but there are major differences in the relation between the transcript and the mRNA used for polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the immediate product of transcription (the primary transcript) is mRNA; by contrast, the primary transcript (also called …

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• 15 October

  Genetic Code

  

  The four bases in DNA – A, T, G, and C are sufficient to specify the 20 amino acids in proteins because each codon is three bases in length. Each sequence of three adjacent bases in mRNA is a codon that specifies a particular amino acid (or chain termination). The …

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• 13 October

  Cronquist’s System of Classification

  

  Arthur Cronquist was the Senior Curator of New York Botanic Garden and Adjunct Professor of Columbia University. He presented an elaborate interpretation of his concept of classification in The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968), The further edition of his classification was published in “An Integrated System of Classification …

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• 13 October

  Phylogenetic Classification of John Hutchinson

  

  John Hutchinson was a British botanist associated with Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. He developed and proposed his system based on Bentham and Hooker and also on Bessey. His phylogenetic system first appeared as “The Families of Flowering Plants in two volumes. The first volume contains Dicotyledons (published in 1926) …

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