Ecology

Geographical Positioning System ■ Actual positioning of individual points on earths surface identified by geometrical system of latitudes & longitudes. ■”Altitude” –vertical elevation of an object above sea level (expressed in meter). Latitude And Longitude Accurate Positioning of individual points on the Earth’s surface is made possible by reference to …

Ratargul Swamp Forest is a freshwater swamp forest located in Gowain River, Fatehpur Union, Gowainghat, Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is the only swamp forest located in Bangladesh and one of the few freshwater swamp forests in the world. The forest is naturally conserved under the Department of Forestry, Government of Bangladesh. …

How The Earth Was created? 13.7 billion years back time & space began with most colossal explosion history ‘Big Bang’ which is believed to have initiated earth. 1st millionth of a second of its existence it expanded from dimensionless point infinite mass and density into a fireball ca. 30 billion …

Methods of Calculation of Quantitative Data   Quantitative data for individual species is calculated by the following methods: 1) Frequency = Number of sampling units in which the species occurred/Total number of sampling units studied Relative frequency = Frequency of a sp./Total frequency of all spp. X 100 2) Density …

Vegetation: Definition Vegetation is defined as an assemblage of plants growing together in a particular location. It is characterized either by its component species or by the combination of structure and functional characters that characterize the appearance or physiognomy of vegetation. Vegetation rapidly responds to changes in habitat. If the …

Classification of Global climate The earth can be divided into the following broad climatic zones: Polar and subpolar zone Temperate zone Subtropical zone Tropical zone According to Koppen-Geiger classification, global climate can be divided into the following 6 types: Type A: Equatorial Type B: Arid Type C: Temperate Type D: Cold …

Definition  Phytogeography is the study of distribution of plant species and elucidation of origin of flora. The relative position of the 6 continental land masses and large number of islands play an important role in the distribution of various types of plants over the surface of the earth.   Factors …

Components of Water Budget The water budget of a unit area of the earth’s surface is formed from the components: P = precipitation E = Evaporation D = Discharge, Runoff R = Reserve, storage and U = Use, consumption The conservation law for water satisfies the water balance. P = …

Geosphere The area near the surface of the earth can be divided into four inter-connected “geo-spheres” – lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The names of the four spheres are derived from the Greek words for stone (litho), air (atmo), water (hydro), and life (bio).   Lithosphere The lithosphere is the …

 Sampling Measuring a small portion of something and then making a general statement about the whole thing is known as sampling. Sampling is a process of selecting a number of units for a study in such a way that the units represent the larger group from which they are selected. …