Successful paper is a popular demand of any student who wants to receive a high mark. And essays now are so important that you can get a scholarship for completing a successful paper. But such importance of papers makes writing them extremely hard for many students. And this is why …

What do you picture when the land of midnight sun, Norway crosses your mind? It must be white snowy terrain, crystal-like blue glaciers, magical dancing aurora, astounding fjords, wild polar bears, scenic landscapes, intriguing cultural heritage, and all the mind-boggling aspects. But little do we know, this land is accommodating …

Today we believe that being an exception is the new normal. We try our best to be an exception at something, to be an outlier. We don’t wanna be among the average people. We don’t wanna be mediocre. But mediocrity prevails in nature in every phenomenon. No matter how hard …

Typification: The nomenclatural type is that constituent element (a spec­imen, or a description or a figure) of a taxon to which the name is permanently at­tached. This need not be the most typical or representative element but is the original material on which the description of the taxon is based. …

All factors, providing energy in environment or factors, regulating rates of various metabolic and catabolic processes of organisms called physical factors or rate limiting factors. What is the soul source of solar energy ? Firstly, the sun is the extremely powerful energy source. Sunlight is the largest source of energy …

What is Plant Biotechnology? Plant biotechnology can be defined as the use of tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified plants that exhibit new or improved desirable characteristics.   A Short History of Plant Biotechnology The foundations of modern plant biotechnology can be traced back to the …

Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and can assemble into bundles, for example, the cortical microtubules, the spindle and the phragmoplast. Discovery: De Robertis and Franchi (1953) reported the presence of microtubules in cell. Ledbetter and Porter (1963) found microtubules in the cytoplasm and termed as “Cytotubule”. Distribution: Fawcett and …

Source of minerals Rocks, ores and gems A rock is a mass of one or more minerals or mineral substances. Some rocks, such as limestone or quartzite, are composed primarily of one mineral – calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case. Other rocks …

The general theory of evolution is that organisms have changed over time. Usually, natural selection keeps things the way they are. This is stabilizing selection (Figure 17.9a and b, and Figure 17.10). Agouti rabbits are the best adapted rabbits to survive predation, so the agouti allele remains the most common …

What is Micro-propagation? Micropropagation is a method to produce genetically identical plantlets by using in vitro tissue culture techniques. More specifically, Micropropagation refers to the in vitro multiplication and/or regeneration of plant material under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions to produce thousands or millions of plants for transfer to the …