Introduction Plant breeding has been practised for thousands of years, since the rudiments of human civilization. It is now discussed worldwide by government institutions. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant science in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for quest. This manipulation involves either controlled pollination, genetic …

Planet Earth is about 4.55 billion years old. A sense for this achingly long time grew only slowly throughout the nineteenth century as geological and biological inquiry unravelled the pattern and processes of the planet’s natural environment. The 4.55 billion figure derives from the decay of radioactive forms of elements …

Our awareness of current threats to biodiversity and prospects for future survival arises in part because we know of animals and plants that have become extinct in the past. News media feed an appetite for tales of dinosaurs, mammoths, living fossils and missing links. The biodiversity of Earth is not …

The word biodiversity was coined in the mid-1980s to capture the essence of research into the variety and richness of life on Earth. It is now widely used all over the globe by every environment related scientific or protesting community. Its rapid establishment in science and popular culture is an …

Climate & Biodiversity ■ Regional climate interacts with regional biota & substrate to produce large, easily recognizable community units called “Biomes“. ■ Climatic climax biodiversity has been found in “Biome“. ■ In biomes life forms reflects major features of climate & determines structural nature of habitats for animals. ■ Provides …

Geographical Positioning System ■ Actual positioning of individual points on earths surface identified by geometrical system of latitudes & longitudes. ■”Altitude” –vertical elevation of an object above sea level (expressed in meter). Latitude And Longitude Accurate Positioning of individual points on the Earth’s surface is made possible by reference to …

Ratargul Swamp Forest is a freshwater swamp forest located in Gowain River, Fatehpur Union, Gowainghat, Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is the only swamp forest located in Bangladesh and one of the few freshwater swamp forests in the world. The forest is naturally conserved under the Department of Forestry, Government of Bangladesh. …

How The Earth Was created? 13.7 billion years back time & space began with most colossal explosion history ‘Big Bang’ which is believed to have initiated earth. 1st millionth of a second of its existence it expanded from dimensionless point infinite mass and density into a fireball ca. 30 billion …

Agaricales is an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi). It is one of the most diverse orders of the phylum Basidiomycota. Traditionally, agarics were classified based on the presence of gills (thin sheets of spore-bearing cells, or basidia) and mushroom-shaped fruiting bodies. Some other conspicuous …

Claviceps are member of the pyrenomycetes, fungi which are referred when they form perithecial ascocarp. They are important as the parasites of many endophytes in their life as discussed below- Classification Class: Ascomycetes Sub-class: Hymenomycetidae I, Hymenomycetidae II. Order: Hypocreales Family: Clavicipitaceae Genus: Claviceps Vegetative structure The intercellular hyphae are …