Fungi are important to human life in many ways. In medicine they yield antibiotics, in agriculture maintain soil fertility, in regular life consumed as food, and most importantly form the basis of many industrial processes. Though fungi are essential to many household and industrial processes,  they are detrimental or harmful …

Anomalous secondary growth” is the term under which have been grouped cambial conformations, cambial products, and cambial numbers which differ from the most common “normal” condition, namely, a single cylindrical cambium that produces phloem externally and xylem internally. In this article, Anomalous secondary growth, it’s causes and position will be …

Periderm is the corky outer layer of a plant stem formed in secondary thickening or as a response to injury or infection. It is a cylindrical tissue that covers the surfaces of stems and roots of perennial plants during early secondary growth; therefore it is not found in monocots and …

Introduction Endless diversity of lives are there in the ocean which enthralls us absolutely to explore further. In that deep blue world, thousands of species are awaiting to be acquainted with us. They are the true components of the oceanic ecosystem who not only embellished “deep blue beauty” but also …

The marine environment is an essential component of the global life-support system. Marine environment is different from the terrestrial and freshwater aquatic environment having high salt concentration. Its water covers approximately 71% of the earth’s surface. This is equivalent to 361 million sq. kilometers (139 million sq. miles). Average depth of …

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug …

  This part is continuation of Part 1 of the topic!!     4. প্রফেসর শর্টলিস্ট করার কাজ শেষ, এখন কি করব? এখন হচ্ছে আপনার সবচাইতে গুরুতপুর্ন পদক্ষেপ। প্রফেসর দের কে ইমেইল করা। ইমেইল করার সময় অনেকগুলো বিষয় মাথায় রাখতে হবে। আমি সেই ব্যাপার গুলো একটা একটা করে পয়েন্ট আকারে …

Control of Microorganism by Heat Heat generally appears to kill micro-organisms by denaturing their enzymes: the resultant changes to the three-dimensional shapes of these proteins inactivate them. Heat resistance varies among different microbes. These differences can be expressed through the followings; Thermal death point (TDP) is the lowest temperature at …

Generation Time The time required for a cell to divide or a population to divide is known as the generation time. For bacteria it is the time, required for a complete fission cycle. Generation time depends on nutrient media, pH, temperature etc. The generation time “g” can be determined from …

Solid, liquid, gel (semisolid) designed to support the growth and supply nutrients to any cell or microorganism is a culture medium. It is a special medium used in microbiological laboratories to grow different microorganisms. A microbiological culture medium must contain: Source of energy (chemicals for chemotrophs and lights for phototrophs) …