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Plants can see us. They can monitor their visible environment. They can see if you’re wearing a red or blue shirt. They know if you’re moving them from one place of your house to another. When you take a picture turning the flash on for a better and clearer image, …

When we observe a living cell, we can see a variety of living bodies of definite structures and functions suspended in the cytoplasm, known as organoids or organelles. These organelles are the main sites for various cytoplasmic activities. Some of these are concerned with the chemical activities or metabolism of …

In the year 1986, a horrifying incident took place. It killed many instantly (who were very close to the nuclear reactor). As well as kept on affecting several many living beings including plants, wild and domestic animals. The extreme radioactive environment affected the people whoever was still living in that …

We all agree that classification and taxonomy of organisms are desirable and necessary in cases of biological work. But, there is much disagreement as to the best method of classifying and naming living things. The zoologists and the botanists have arranged matters in their fields fairly satisfactorily, largely on the …

The word ‘plankton’ has been derived from a Gr. word ‘planktos’ means drifting. So, plankton are those microscopic aquatic organisms or drifters whose movement is mainly driven by water current, wave, tide, etc. Although, some of them might possess some kinds of locomotory organs but those are not sufficiently strong …

Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multi-cellular, marine algae. Macroalgae, which are found in the Divisions Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta are commonly called seaweeds because of their size, multicellular construction, and attachment to firm substrata. The three major divisions of seaweeds contain taxa that have more fundamental (e.g. cytological, …

Algal toxins are toxic substances released by some types of algae when they are present in large quantities (Blooms) and decay or degrade. These toxins are called ‘Phycotoxins’ (from Greek, phykos, “seaweed”; and toxikon, “toxin”). They are usually complex allelopathic metabolites produced by algal secondary metabolic pathways. These metabolites are (in most cases) not harmful to …

After Linkage and recombination part 1 We are going to learn from this part- Sex linkage Sex Linage in Drosophila Linked gene Synthetic gene X-linkage in Drosophila Linkage map Significance of linkage and crossing over Sex linkage Sex linkage refers to inheritance of a trait on the sex chromosomes, and …

Genetics is a significant branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. For example, there is human genetics, mouse genetics, fruit fly genetics, etc. So, do you know where genes are located? Every single living organism of the universe consists of lively cells (except viruses), and the …

Hello Everyone, Welcome to the Second Part of “Vector Mediated Gene Transfer: Commonly Used Vectors” series. In this part we will focus on Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. Let’s start !!! Link of Part 1 is here.  Agrobacterium Mediated Genetic Transformation Of various methods used for plant transformation, transformation mediated by Agrobacterium …