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Algal toxins are toxic substances released by some types of algae when they are present in large quantities (Blooms) and decay or degrade. These toxins are called ‘Phycotoxins’ (from Greek, phykos, “seaweed”; and toxikon, “toxin”). They are usually complex allelopathic metabolites produced by algal secondary metabolic pathways. These metabolites are (in most cases) not harmful to …

After Linkage and recombination part 1 We are going to learn from this part- Sex linkage Sex Linage in Drosophila Linked gene Synthetic gene X-linkage in Drosophila Linkage map Significance of linkage and crossing over Sex linkage Sex linkage refers to inheritance of a trait on the sex chromosomes, and …

Genetics is a significant branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. For example, there is human genetics, mouse genetics, fruit fly genetics, etc. So, do you know where genes are located? Every single living organism of the universe consists of lively cells (except viruses), and the …

Hello Everyone, Welcome to the Second Part of “Vector Mediated Gene Transfer: Commonly Used Vectors” series. In this part we will focus on Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. Let’s start !!! Link of Part 1 is here.  Agrobacterium Mediated Genetic Transformation Of various methods used for plant transformation, transformation mediated by Agrobacterium …

If we want to know the subtle and intricate mechanism of life and how it revolves in molecular level, we must have to know about the basic fundamental concepts of molecular biology, an interdisciplinary branch of science which begins its journey with the amalgamation of some distinct disciplines such as …

Hello Everyone, hope you have gathered some knowledge from the previous part of “History of Botanical Exploration: Indian Subcontinent” series. This is the Second part of History. Here we will explore rest of the three pioneers who made magnificent contribution to foster plant taxonomy study to the next level. I …

It’s always helpful and extra-beneficial to check the background or history before learning a new subject matter. Why? Because this enrich us with some fundamental concepts behind the topic and enable us to understand how versatile ideas bloom and differentiate to shape a new body of knowledge. Isn’t that interesting!!! …

    From the previous  topic, we learned about test of significance, a procedure for comparing observed data with a claim or hypothesis or predicted data. This test of significant is used to test e claim about an unknown population and for testing the research hypothesis against the H0. Null …

Author: Tahmina Mojumder This article discusses Recombinant  DNA  and  gene cloning, plasmid  and  phase vectors, restriction enzymes, restriction maps and their properties, recombinant selection. Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA is the common name  for a segment of  DNA  that has been created by combining at least two  fragments from two different …

Reproduction is one of the fundamental features of life on earth. Reproduction means ‘to produce’. It is the way of producing offspring. In this article, basic ideas about plant reproduction including its modes and the significance of these modes will be discussed. Reproduction in Plants Plant reproduction is a biological …