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DNA Barcoding DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. Everyone is familiar with industrial barcodes as unique identifiers for commercial products. Similar to these industrial barcodes, short gene segments – known as DNA barcodes – are unique …

What is marker? Marker may be defined as “Mark of identification”. In Biology three major types of markers are used: Morphological marker (also called “classical” or “visible” markers) which are phenotypic traits. Biochemical markers, which are called isozymes- multiple forms of enzymes, including allelic variants of enzymes. A genetic marker …

Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining this into one individual plant. Since 1900, Mendel’s laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. Selection is the most ancient and basic procedure in plant breeding. Selection procedures used in plant breeding have …

Plant improvement must have been started with the primitive man changing his mode of life from a nomad to an agriculturist. To have a crop in the next season, he had obtained seeds from the first crop. For this, unconsciously the process of selection is practiced for a long time …

A domain is the highest taxonomic level of species in biology. In 1977, Woese and his coworkers developed the groundbreaking three-domain system.  They proposed this classification based on differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell’s ribosomal RNAs (known as 16S rRNA). They created the first worldwide tree of …

The genes of nuclear chromosome have a significant and key role in the inheritance of almost all traits from generations to generations,but altogether they cannot be considered as the sole vehicle of inheritance because certain experimental evidences suggest the occurance of certain extranuclear genes or DNA molecules in the cytoplasm …

One of the features of the ‘genetic molecule’ would have to be the ability to carry instructions – a sort of blueprint – for the construction and behavior of cells and the way in which they grow together to form a complete living organism. Another would be the ability to …

Table of Content SL No. Topic Name 01 History & Organization 02 Functions Of Plant Introduction Agencies 03 Procedure History and Organization Crop plants have travelled into many new areas from their centers of origin. This movement of plants occurred with the movement of man. Most of these introductions occurred very …

If we observe the nucleus of each cell, we’ll find that the DNA molecule in it is packaged into thread-like structures. These are called chromosomes that carry hereditary information for everything, i.e., height to eye color. These chromosomes are made up of DNA that is tightly coiled many times around …

Our living planet has a huge number of living organisms. We can’t know each of them properly without a proper format that going to direct us to know this variety and richness of organisms. That’s why we were introduce with a new term-CLASSIFICATION! What is Classification? The system of assembling …