Algae are both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems or leaves but do have chloroplast and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. The basic structure of chloroplast consists of a series of flattened membranous vesicle called thylakoids or disc and a surrounding matrix. These thylakoids can be …

Genetic male sterility (GMS) Genetic male sterility is controlled by some nuclear genes called Male Sterile genes. It has been evident that this type of sterility is usually maintained by recessive genes (barley, mustard, pigeon pea, paddy) and less frequently by dominant genes (safflower). The male sterile allele is m …

The origin of life on Earth is a scientific problem which is not yet solved. There are plenty of ideas, but few clear facts. It is generally agreed that all life today evolved by common descent from a single primitive life form. It is not known how this early form …

Link of other two related artciles 1 and 2. This is number 3. (Polyploidy: A Game with Chromosome Numbers) (Autopolyploidy: Multiplying Same Genome) Allopolyploidy Get Free Netflix Now Best safe and secure cloud storage with password protection GPL Themes For Free Get Envato Elements, Prime Video, Hotstar and Netflix For …

Haploid Breeding Haploids are sporophytic plants that are autonomous and possess only a single set of chromosomes (gametophytic chromosome number). These are in contrast of diploids containing two sets of chromosomes. Haploids may be originated from a gametic cell in the embryo sac or in the pollen grain. In haploids, …

Water Microbiology  Water is the vital element for every living organisms on earth. So, it’s needed to ensure safe access to clean drinking water for all as most of the important bacterial diseases are transmitted through water . Water microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, microscopic …

Soil Microbiology is concerned with the study of all biological aspects of the microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, parasites and protozoa) that exist in the soil environment. However, before going ahead with the discussion of the functions and facts of microorganisms in soil, first we need to know what the …

Link of other two related artciles 1 and 3. This is number 2. (Polyploidy: A Game with Chromosome Numbers) (Allopolyploidy: Mixing up Different Genomes) Euploids Get Free Netflix Now Best safe and secure cloud storage with password protection GPL Themes For Free Get Envato Elements, Prime Video, Hotstar and Netflix …

Who hasn’t seen plants with some kind of abnormalities? We all have, right? Sometimes in the form of some black spots or white powders in the leaves; or sometimes those rotten roots or stems; or maybe those holes in the fruits that are making them inedible and many more. Perhaps …

  WHAT IS EXTREME ENVIRONMENT? An extreme environment exhibits conditions which are challenging for most life forms. These may be extremely high or low ranges of temperature, radiation, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, air, water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, sulfur, petroleum and many others. An extreme environment is one place where humans …