Research suggests that three major pools of acidity are common in soils: (1) active acidity due to the H+ ions in the soil solution; (2) salt-replaceable (exchangeable) acidity, involving the aluminum and hydrogen that are easily exchangeable by other cations in a simple unbuffered salt solution, such as KCI; and …

For studying, researching, and observing plants and plant life, we need to start from the beginning of some basic divisions of plants and have the knowledge of some plant categories. Bryophytes are one of the most interesting and incredible divisions of the plant kingdom. Anyone who has the thirst to …

Plants can see us. They can monitor their visible environment. They can see if you’re wearing a red or blue shirt. They know if you’re moving them from one place of your house to another. When you take a picture turning the flash on for a better and clearer image, …

When we observe a living cell, we can see a variety of living bodies of definite structures and functions suspended in the cytoplasm, known as organoids or organelles. These organelles are the main sites for various cytoplasmic activities. Some of these are concerned with the chemical activities or metabolism of …

In the year 1986, a horrifying incident took place. It killed many instantly (who were very close to the nuclear reactor). As well as kept on affecting several many living beings including plants, wild and domestic animals. The extreme radioactive environment affected the people whoever was still living in that …

When it comes to something about flowers, we can automatically feel a nice aroma around us. Because the flowers contain such nice fragrances that flutter our hearts. But what if there is a flower from which you can sense ‘Death’? Isn’t it really horrible to feel a deadly smell from …

Test of Significance The mathematical methods by which the probability of relative frequency of an observed difference occurring by chance, is found, are called tests of significance. It may be a difference between means or proportions of sample and universe or between the estimates of experiment and control groups.  Thus, …

We all agree that classification and taxonomy of organisms are desirable and necessary in cases of biological work. But, there is much disagreement as to the best method of classifying and naming living things. The zoologists and the botanists have arranged matters in their fields fairly satisfactorily, largely on the …

Pasturage of the Sea The vast ocean water is about 99%, of which usually up to 200 m depth or beyond (up to 300 m, depending on the latitudes, seasons, and water transparency) phytoplankton grow constituting “pasturage of the sea”.  Their photosynthetic activity contributes about 80% oxygen in the atmosphere …

The word ‘plankton’ has been derived from a Gr. word ‘planktos’ means drifting. So, plankton is those microscopic aquatic organisms or drifters whose movement is mainly driven by water currents, waves, tides, etc. Plankton can be two types- zooplankton, and phytoplankton. Although, some of them might possess some kinds of …